Person-Centered Dementia Management, a Montessori-Inspired Program

At Legacy Rehab and Living, the protocol is a referral to therapy for any patient with a dementia diagnosis, a decline in function, and/or increased adverse behaviors with a goal to reduce psychotropic medications.

With these patients, we complete a comprehensive Life History Profile to develop personalized activities that tie in to the resident’s interests. We also administer the Allen Cognitive Level Screen/Allen Diagnostic Module to determine the resident’s cognitive levels and cognitive capabilities.

Motivating Patients

We value and appreciate each individual with dementia at Legacy Rehab and Living. We design interventions to facilitate the highest level of independence and to reduce adverse behaviors.

We begin by discovering activities that each resident enjoys to help motivate them to participate. By examining a resident’s preferred activities, cognitive capabilities, past experiences and remaining abilities, we are able to design meaningful activities that are appropriately adapted to the individual. Activities are:

• Modified to be the just right challenge for the resident’s cognitive ability
• Designed to engage all five senses
• Designed to be meaningful and to provide the individual with dementia a purpose for an improved quality of life

Outcomes

Using this approach with dementia patients, we have seen a decrease in psychotropic medications, a decrease in behaviors, an improved quality of life and patient/family satisfaction, and improved quality measures. Above all, we strive to understand each person’s past in order to connect to their present and set them up for success at our facility.

By Marisa Parker, MS, CCC/SLP/DOR, Legacy Rehab and Living, Amarillo, TX

As you may know, treatment for a total hip arthroplasty and/or total knee arthroplasty involves surgical repair, stabilization and post-acute rehabilitation. While costly, these procedures often improve quality of life for patients.

At the same time, the costs of rehabilitation have been on the rise, and the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services has developed policies to ensure rehabilitation treatment is given in an appropriate setting.

At Palm Terrace Skilled Nursing Facility, we have undertaken a project that focuses on clinical outcomes for THA and TKA patients who choose to recover at a skilled nursing facility. We strive to inform patients and medical stakeholders of the potential clinical outcomes when SNFs are used to provide rehabilitation at a reduced cost and with positive results.

Through careful literature review, quantitative coding, data collection and analysis, we are able to observe the following results:

• The outcome measures display a significant improvement from baseline records to discharge.
• The option for post-acute rehab at an SNF will reduce costs while providing optimal care and recovery for THA and TKA patients.
• Patients show improvements in all the outcome measures with the exception of maintaining a baseline for negotiating stairs during their stay at an SNF.
• Providing both occupational therapy and physical therapy enables post-acute patients to have a longer stay in a facility that offers rehabilitation at a lesser cost compared with a hospital stay.
• This study revels that a THA or TKA patient can return home with significant improvements.

Continued research is needed to determine which setting would be the most appropriate for THA and TKA patient rehabilitation. However, we are encouraged by the results of our study thus far. We have seen patients undergo rehabilitation at our SNF and return as close as possible to their prior level of function for ADLS in the least restrictive environment.

Submitted by Palm Terrace Skilled Nursing Facility, Laguna Hills, CA

Time and again, we see the benefits of an interdisciplinary approach to therapy with our patients at Rosewood Rehabilitation Center. Take, for instance, the case of our patient who was hospitalized due to Guillan-Barre Syndrome with symptoms of progressive weakness and impaired coordination. Our combination of physical and occupational therapy created a pathway for success with this patient.

Prior to the hospitalization, the patient was living with a spouse in a country home and was independent with all ADLs, IADLs and functional mobility without an assistive device. We recognized the following factors as being critical to the patient’s success at our facility.

Keys to Success With Physical Therapy

• Neuro PENS three times per week with electrodes on the hip flexors and vastus medialis, and another line from just distal to the ischial tuberosities to the belly of the hamstring group.
• HEP exercises for completion outside of therapy from the SOT.
• Lateral and anterior/posterior weight shifting to increase proprioception at the ankles.
• Use of the spectrum of assistive devices for ambulation fluidly during progression, from the parallel bars to a single point cane. With progress, we would constantly revisit more restrictive devices to refine a specific aspect of the gait pattern.
• High and appropriate family involvement.

Keys to Success With Occupational Therapy

• High cognitive function, active/fit before onset and motivated
• CNA and family training to ensure carryover with OOB schedule and HEP for fine motor and UE strengthening
• High and appropriate family involvement
• Knowing your tools: E-stim versus therex versus fine motor activities, such as theraputty, to address deficits
• Continuous evaluation of deficits and active grading up and down for the Just Right Challenge

This is just one example of a success story at our facility. We continue to explore the best ways to provide rehabilitation services for each individual using this interdisciplinary approach to care.

By Craig Chang OTR, Scott Judd PT, & Kristen Weaver OTR, Rosewood Rehabilitation Center, Reno, NV

Holladay Healthcare has been developing programs to assist people with Parkinson’s disease. We currently provide both the LSVT BIG and LSVT LOUD therapy treatment approaches by licensed and certified PTs, PTA and SLP. These approaches focus on improving amplitude of motor movements and voice projections, due to the decrease of these processes associated with Parkinson’s disease.

To go along with our LSVT therapy, Holladay Healthcare started providing tai chi classes to the community last year. We have been working with the Mountain West Parkinson Initiative (formerly known as the Utah Parkinson Association) to help increase awareness of these classes.

Tai chi involves a series of slow, rhythmic, meditative body movements that were originally designed to promote inner peace and calm. There are many benefits of performing tai chi, including balance/fall prevention, strength, flexibility, endurance, coordination, gait and decreased stress.

There are quite a few research studies being published about the benefits of tai chi as a viable exercise routine for people with Parkinson’s disease. For example, a randomized control trial published in The New England Journal of Medicine in 2012 researched the use of tai chi to improve postural stability for fall prevention. This study performed tai chi twice a week for 24 weeks and compared it with two other groups who performed a resistance training program or a stretching program.

Their results showed that the tai chi group performed better than the other two groups in their primary outcomes of maximum excursion and directional control. Tai chi outperformed the resistance group in stride length and functional reach; it also outperformed the stretching group in all secondary outcomes, which included stride length, knee extension/flexion strength, functional reach, and timed up and go test. Patients who participated in the tai chi group also had fewer reported falls during the study compared to the other groups. The gains made during the 24-week study were maintained three months following the study.

Here at Holladay Healthcare, we have been able to offer tai chi once a week for eight weeks. We are finishing our fifth class and have been able to help several people in our area with Parkinson’s disease. The community is starting to recognize us as a center to provide Parkinson’s treatment. Holladay Healthcare presented tai chi on Oct. 22 at the Mountain West Parkinson Initiative’s annual Parkinson Symposium.

References:

1. http://www.medicinenet.com/tai_chi/article.htm

2. Li F, Harmer P, Fitzgerald K, et al. Tai Chi and Postural Stability in Patients with Parkinson’s disease. N Engl J Med 2012;366:511-9

By Jeremy McCorristin, PT/DPT and DOR, Holladay Healthcare, Salt Lake City, UT

In the post-acute rehabilitation setting, we see many different types of patients from different socioeconomic backgrounds, ethnicities and cultures, as well as different prior levels of function. As occupational therapy professionals, it is our job to identify the needs of our different patient populations and address a treatment plan that allows for a safe return to prior levels of function. Oftentimes, this includes our independent activities of daily living in our community-dwelling older adult population. I strongly feel that while basic ADLs definitely have a role in the SNF setting, with insurance companies constantly looking for progress in these areas, IADLs have been largely overlooked in this setting.

At my facility, I have been working diligently to expand our role with IADL retraining. I believe that IADLs are not only important for a successful return to a prior level of function, but also as a treatment modality to be implemented according to our occupation-based principles. In my experience, many patients demonstrate improved standing activity tolerance, functional reach and dynamic balance when engaged in valued IADL tasks.

As such, my goal with this article is to encourage and provide resources for occupational therapy departments in developing IADL programs. Of importance to note is that the majority of the items for these programs were purchased from dollar stores or using items already around the rehab department. If you have additional questions, feel free to contact our department.

Meal Preparation/Cooking

When addressing meal preparation or cooking, we first identify the patient’s prior level of cooking. In order to best assess safety with these different aspects, we obtained a hot plate to simulate a stovetop and a toaster oven to simulate an oven, in addition to the microwave we already had available in our kitchen. Besides the standard safety assessment with cooking (can the patient turn off the hot plate/stove, reach all necessary items and handle hot items with caution?), it is also important to assess the ability to follow multi-step directions. Challenge the patient or adapt/grade the task accordingly from a three-step meal to a five-step meal and vice versa.

Grocery Shopping

For grocery shopping, I created a simple activity using items purchased from the dollar store or found around my home. With the help of our rehab aide, we affixed labels as price tags to the food items and created various shopping lists. Each shopping list incorporates different levels of difficulty. With the task, the patient can also practice money management and organizational skills, as well as identify potential issues related to item retrieval tasks with a new AD.

Community Reintegration

Depending on the socioeconomic status of the patient, both the physical therapist and the occupational therapist can be important in addressing community mobility options for the patient. Community mobility can be important in the patient’s ability to attend future medical or outpatient therapy appointments. As such, we developed a public transportation program to enhance our community reintegration services. The patient can practice identifying bus routes and estimating times and can even participate in an actual bus outing.

Medication Management

One of the first steps we try to address with new patients with a high PLOF is to assess their ability to manage new medications using an assessment tool. We can also practice using the patient’s own medication regimen and

beads to improve the patient’s ability to manage medications upon discharge. Furthermore, we are able to provide necessary recommendations regarding the type of pillbox (one time per day, two times per day, four times per day, etc.) and potential need for assistance or reminders via a phone or an alarm.

Other IADLs

In addition, other IADLs and leisure tasks can also be important to address in improving functional outcomes for our community-dwelling population as well as improving motivation with participation in therapy programs. Other programs that we have expanded upon at our facility are gardening, laundry and item retrieval tasks. My next project and goal is to develop a simulated pet care program to include feeding, washing and grooming, as many patients state this as one of their main goals and prior activities.

By Kathryn Case, OTR/L, Magnolia Post Acute Care, El Cajon, CA

On Aug. 1 and 2, 2016, the Pinnacle Therapy team and other staff put on a Therapy Summer Olympics for all short- and long-term residents. Residents had the opportunity to participate in many different events, including: six-minute marathon, shot put, discus, 6 meter dash, strongest legs, strongest arms, grip strength, olympic ring toss, dexterity, cycling, golf, shooting, fencing, and soccer.

Therapy utilized standardized tests in these events; for example, the 6 meter dash is the Timed Up and Go test (TUG), and strongest arms is the arm curl test. Events occurred both outside and inside. There were both opening and closing ceremonies complete with an Olympic torch and medals at the end.

Every two years the Olympics bring positive vibes and patriotism, and we always hope to bring the same feelings twice a year for the Therapy Olympics.

By Maresa Madsen, DOR, Pinnacle Nursing & Rehab — Price, Utah

“Founded by world champion quadriplegic surfer Jesse Billauer, “Life Rolls On” is dedicated to improving the quality of life for young people affected by spinal cord injury. Believing that adaptive surfing and skating could inspire infinite possibilities beyond paralysis, “Life Rolls On” began as a splash into the unknown on Sept. 11, 2001; achieved 501(c)(3) nonprofit status in 2002; and now touches the lives of hundreds of thousands (www.liferollson.com).”

Essentially the event helps individuals with special needs to be able to surf. Each person is given 30 minutes and assigned a team. In the picture, you will see just one team. All those people were helping that one surfer.

In an attempt to inspire culture and give back to the community, Amanda Marsella (Therapy Resource, Signum) helped coordinate DORs and therapists from San Diego to participate in this amazing event. The event is held each year in various parts of the world, but always eventually lands in La Jolla, California. Individuals from ages 4 to 80-plus are athletes in this event. They came from all walks of life and varying diagnosis, but as Jesse (the founder) noted in his opening address, there are people all around us who on the inside are far more disabled than those with physical disabilities. It is imperative that we reach out and help each other, that we love and serve one another, and that we make the world a better place.

One of the crowning moments of this event was watching my daughter sit on a surfboard to stabilize her niece (impacted by a near drowning accident and left unable to communicate or walk) and be pushed into waves by Jason Mraz (a huge advocate for “Life Rolls On”). We met some incredible people, our hearts were touched and we left inspired by how many good people there are in this world.

We had a goal to do three culture events a year with the therapists in San Diego. Thanks to Amanda for setting all of this up, we volunteered to help with “Life Rolls On.” Words are inadequate to describe this event. It was amazing! We had a handful of DORs and therapists that showed up.

I brought two of my kids. They kept asking me if this was something we would be able to do the following year. I told them for sure. In the language of “Life Rolls On,” we are “LROhana” for life!

Submitted by Sam Baxter and Amanda Marsella, Therapy Resources-Signum